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          LV18-01-LCD应用编程-09-横竖屏切换
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              <table>    <tr>        <td align="center" rowspan="5">PC端开发环境</td>        <td align="center" width=150px>Windows</td>        <td align="left">Windows11</td>    </tr>    <tr>        <td align="center">Ubuntu</td>        <td align="left">Ubuntu20.04.2的64位版本</td>      </tr>    <tr>        <td align="center">VMware® Workstation 17 Pro</td>        <td align="left">17.6.0 build-24238078</td>      </tr>    <tr>        <td align="center">终端软件</td>        <td align="left">MobaXterm(Professional Edition v23.0 Build 5042 (license))</td>    </tr>    <tr>        <td align="center">Win32DiskImager</td>        <td align="left">Win32DiskImager v1.0</td>      </tr>    <tr>        <td align="center" rowspan="3">Linux开发板环境</td>        <td align="center">Linux开发板</td>        <td align="left">正点原子 i.MX6ULL Linux 阿尔法开发板</td>      </tr>    <tr>        <td align="center">uboot</td>        <td align="left">NXP官方提供的uboot，NXP提供的版本为uboot-imx-rel_imx_4.1.15_2.1.0_ga(使用的uboot版本为U-Boot 2016.03)</td>      </tr>    <tr>        <td align="center">linux内核</td>        <td align="left">linux-4.15(NXP官方提供)</td>      </tr></table>
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<h1 id="一、横竖屏切换基本原理"><a href="#一、横竖屏切换基本原理" class="headerlink" title="一、横竖屏切换基本原理"></a><font size=3>一、横竖屏切换基本原理</font></h1><p>我使用的是正点原子的开发板，配套使用的这些 LCD 屏都是横屏显示的，包括正点原子 4.3 寸 480*272、 4.3 寸 800*480、 7 寸800*480、 7 寸 1024*600 以及 10.1 寸 1280*800 等这些 RGB LCD 屏； LCD 屏正向放置情况下（以 800*480分辨率为例） ，它的左上角就是坐标(0, 0)、左下角坐标是(0, 480-1)、右上角坐标是(800-1, 0)、右下角坐标是(800-1, 480-1)，如下所示：  </p>
<img data-src="https://fanhua-picture.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/01%E5%B5%8C%E5%85%A5%E5%BC%8F%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/02IMX6ULL%E5%B9%B3%E5%8F%B0/LV03-%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/LV18-01-LCD%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8%E7%BC%96%E7%A8%8B-09-%E6%A8%AA%E7%AB%96%E5%B1%8F%E5%88%87%E6%8D%A2/img/image-20241020122703236.png" alt="image-20241020122703236" style="zoom:50%;" />

<p>这是硬件上固定的，它是一种硬件属性，有些LCD屏控制芯片支持不同的扫描方式，实现不同方向的显示，但是这样的话就要修改LCD驱动，哪有办法不修改驱动吗？我们后面再说。像素点的排列顺序是从左到右、从上到下， 我们对 LCD 上不同像素点进行操作时，需要找到该像素点对应的显存地址，同样也是基于这种标准来的； 假设显存基地址为(unsignedchar *)base， 那么定位一个(x, y)坐标像素点对应的地址的公式为 :</p>
<figure class="highlight txt"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">base + (y * width + x) * pix_bytes</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>其中pix_bytes 表示一个像素点使用 pix_bytes 个字节来描述。LCD 像素点与显存对应关系示意图如下：</p>
<img data-src="https://fanhua-picture.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/01%E5%B5%8C%E5%85%A5%E5%BC%8F%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/02IMX6ULL%E5%B9%B3%E5%8F%B0/LV03-%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/LV18-01-LCD%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8%E7%BC%96%E7%A8%8B-09-%E6%A8%AA%E7%AB%96%E5%B1%8F%E5%88%87%E6%8D%A2/img/image-20241020123026934.png" alt="image-20241020123026934" style="zoom:50%;" />



<p>在很多的应用场合中，往往需要以竖屏的方式来显示画面，例如手机就是一个很好的例子，我们的手机都是竖屏方式显示的；甚至还有一些电子产品既能支持横屏也能支持竖屏显示，当然这是针对应用程序而言。  那我们的应用程序中如何将 LCD 屏修改为竖屏显示呢？  </p>
<p>上面所示屏幕， 如果我们要将其作为竖屏显示，如在应用程序中将左下角作为起点(0, 0)，那么左上角对应就是(480-1, 0)、右下角对应就是(0, 800-1)、右上角对应就是(480-1, 800-1)，如下图所示：  </p>
<img data-src="https://fanhua-picture.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/01%E5%B5%8C%E5%85%A5%E5%BC%8F%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/02IMX6ULL%E5%B9%B3%E5%8F%B0/LV03-%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/LV18-01-LCD%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8%E7%BC%96%E7%A8%8B-09-%E6%A8%AA%E7%AB%96%E5%B1%8F%E5%88%87%E6%8D%A2/img/image-20241020123511827.png" alt="image-20241020123511827" style="zoom:50%;" />

<p>以上便是竖屏显示情况下，其中的一种坐标分布情况，当然这是应用程序认为的一种坐标分布，对于LCD 硬件来说， 实际物理上的起点坐标依然是横屏中左上角的位置。  </p>
<p>那么在上图中竖屏这种情况下， 应用程序的坐标对应的像素点，它的显存地址就不能使用这个公式计算了：</p>
<figure class="highlight txt"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">base + (y * width + x) * pix_bytes</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>竖屏方式下，起点坐标(0, 0)对应的实际物理坐标是(0, 480-1)，同理它的显存地址也是通过实际物理坐标(0, 480-1)这个坐标计算而来、而不是通过(0, 0)计算。  </p>
<img data-src="https://fanhua-picture.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/01%E5%B5%8C%E5%85%A5%E5%BC%8F%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/02IMX6ULL%E5%B9%B3%E5%8F%B0/LV03-%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/LV18-01-LCD%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8%E7%BC%96%E7%A8%8B-09-%E6%A8%AA%E7%AB%96%E5%B1%8F%E5%88%87%E6%8D%A2/img/image-20241021225541847.png" alt="image-20241021225541847" />

<p>在竖屏方式下，应用程序的(x’, y’)坐标点对应的显存地址可通过如下公式进行计算：  </p>
<figure class="highlight txt"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">base + ((height - 1- x&#x27;) * width + y&#x27;)) * pix_bytes;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h1 id="二、使用实例"><a href="#二、使用实例" class="headerlink" title="二、使用实例"></a><font size=3>二、使用实例</font></h1><h2 id="1-实例1——画线"><a href="#1-实例1——画线" class="headerlink" title="1. 实例1——画线"></a><font size=3>1. 实例1——画线</font></h2><h3 id="1-1-源码实现"><a href="#1-1-源码实现" class="headerlink" title="1.1 源码实现"></a><font size=3>1.1 源码实现</font></h3><p>可以看这里：<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://gitee.com/sumumm/imx6ull-app-demo/tree/master/LV18_LCD_DEVICE/11_lcd_vertical_display">LV18_LCD_DEVICE&#x2F;11_lcd_vertical_display · 苏木&#x2F;imx6ull-app-demo - 码云 - 开源中国 (gitee.com)</a></p>
<img data-src="https://fanhua-picture.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/01%E5%B5%8C%E5%85%A5%E5%BC%8F%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/02IMX6ULL%E5%B9%B3%E5%8F%B0/LV03-%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/LV18-01-LCD%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8%E7%BC%96%E7%A8%8B-09-%E6%A8%AA%E7%AB%96%E5%B1%8F%E5%88%87%E6%8D%A2/img/image-20241021225134362.png" alt="image-20241021225134362" />

<h3 id="1-2-开发板验证"><a href="#1-2-开发板验证" class="headerlink" title="1.2 开发板验证"></a><font size=3>1.2 开发板验证</font></h3><p>编译后执行以下命令：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">./app_demo</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>然后就会看到显示屏进行横竖防线画线。</p>
<h2 id="2-实例2——显示汉字"><a href="#2-实例2——显示汉字" class="headerlink" title="2. 实例2——显示汉字"></a><font size=3>2. 实例2——显示汉字</font></h2><h3 id="2-1-源码实现"><a href="#2-1-源码实现" class="headerlink" title="2.1 源码实现"></a><font size=3>2.1 源码实现</font></h3><p>可以看这里：<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://gitee.com/sumumm/imx6ull-app-demo/tree/master/LV18_LCD_DEVICE/12_lcd_vertical_show_font">LV18_LCD_DEVICE&#x2F;12_lcd_vertical_show_font · 苏木&#x2F;imx6ull-app-demo - 码云 - 开源中国 (gitee.com)</a></p>
<img data-src="https://fanhua-picture.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/01%E5%B5%8C%E5%85%A5%E5%BC%8F%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/02IMX6ULL%E5%B9%B3%E5%8F%B0/LV03-%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/LV18-01-LCD%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8%E7%BC%96%E7%A8%8B-09-%E6%A8%AA%E7%AB%96%E5%B1%8F%E5%88%87%E6%8D%A2/img/image-20241021225239537.png" alt="image-20241021225239537" />

<h3 id="2-2-开发板验证"><a href="#2-2-开发板验证" class="headerlink" title="2.2 开发板验证"></a><font size=3>2.2 开发板验证</font></h3><p>编译完成之后执行以下命令：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">./app_demo ./data/simsun.ttc 20 24 1 # 竖屏显示</span><br><span class="line">./app_demo ./data/simsun.ttc 20 24 0 # 横屏显示</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>


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